Repetitive movement causes eventual removal of material from one or both surfaces. Figure 1. Wear Vs Abrasion The terms abrasion and wear are frequently used interchangeably, however there is a difference. Abrasion is the action causing wear and ASTM defines it as "the wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface". Removal of a portion of the surface by some kind of mechanical action such as sliding back and forth of an object, rubbing, wearing tires on traffic paint, wind erosion and the like is termed wear abrasion. Mar abrasion is when a surface becomes permanently deformed, but the surface does not break. Types of Wear It is the type of relative motion that is used to define the generated wear. The complexity of wear means that a number of modes can be recognized. The main modes are outlined below: Abrasive Wear - Wear because of hard protuberances or hard particles forced against and moving along a solid surface is known as abrasive wear. These hard particles may be common abrasives such as silicon carbide and aluminum oxide, or naturally occurring contaminates such as dust particles and sand [crystalline silica (quartz)].
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This is countered best by using a harder or more corrosion resistant material. When the material in Grindex face seals rotate against each other they are subject to abrasive wear but also to high temperatures and are therefore made of hard and heat resistant materials as aluminium oxide, silicon carbide or tungsten carbide. Wear on an impeller from a mine application. How to prevent wear Wear may be prevented in many different ways. The most common techniques is to use wear resistant materials or simply by changing the material properties, e. g. by hardening. Wear can also be prevented by keeping the surfaces apart from each other. Oil and grease are commonly used for this purpose. A third method is to design for reduced wear. For instance a pipe can be given a large diameter that reduces the water velocity and a pump can be designed to avoid entrapped particles and reduce wear. Grindex innovation of a new patented suction cover reduces wear. Limits for admixture of abrasive materials For higher content of abrasive materials, a slurry pump with all hydraulic parts made in chromium alloyed iron or coated with rubber is preferred.
Wear is defined by ASTM International as "damage to a solid surface (generally involving progressive loss of material), caused by the relative motion between that surface and a contacting substance or substances". For a number of products, it is a fairly simple task to identify whether something is worn, however it is often not easy to understand how it reached that condition. Material removal in most cases takes place gradually due to a repetitive motion, but wear is a complicated process and influenced by several parameters. Among these are the following: contact geometry length of exposure environmental conditions material composition and hardness interacting material surfaces normal force sliding speed The contacting surfaces may seem reasonably smooth at first glance, but in actuality there will be asperities that form contact junctions between the materials. As seen in the valleys and peaks in Figure 1, the load is supported by these asperities and there is a tendency towards deformation during sliding of the surfaces over each other.
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SubsTech's sister website Smooth Sliding provides independent engineering consulting services that help you to solve engine bearing related issues: failures, material selection, geometry design and optimization of hydrodynamic conditions. Smooth Sliding is an engineering consulting company run by Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich: World leading expert (25 years of experience) in design, technology and materials for Engine bearings in applications such as automotive, renewable energy, aviation, racing and others. Author of numerous scientific and engineering publications and patents. For further information and for requesting consulting services please visit our sister website Smooth Sliding. to Metals to Engine bearings Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich Wear is the removal of the material from the surface of a solid body as a result of mechanical action of the counterbody. Wear of Engine bearings is the removal of the bearing material from its surface caused by sliding friction between the bearing and the crankshaft.